A little about Iranian saffron

A little about Iranian saffron

Saffron is a plant of the family Zanbaqian that of the onion proliferation. Saffron is a perennial plant, since the term of 4 to 12 year product offers. Tenure with saffron bulbs every year from early November to April next year. Flowering and harvest in late October takes place from February to mid-November.
Yellow leaves are dry and hot season, but the bulbs are intact, so start dreaming of summer.
Saffron is cultivated in dry and hot areas is education. Flowers in the first part of which appears in the early fall.

In the first year of cultivation, because they are not fast onions poor soil, flower buds, have sufficient ability to grow, even in the first leaves appear later than usual.

Properties for saffron

Fennel is a perennial plant that grows in dry and hot areas . Has purple flowers and produces seed does not produce or less .about Iranian saffron ‘s Why Saffron reproduced by the onions are done . Lining up three sepals and three purple leaves forming it is . many flags is 3 . leaves appear after the flowers . leaves and stems are straight out of the onion does not air .
Fennel bulb is an underground circular and solid crust is brown . ‘s Not onion -like layers of onion . Diameter of 3-5 cm Bulb Crocus young brain white color. Saffron leaves to a height of 30-40 cm. soil grow .

Medicinal properties of saffron

Saffron makes it easy to digest .
Insomnia is useful in relieving convulsion group only .
Booster liver.
It is used to treat eye diseases .
Saffron is used to remove kidney stones .
Saffron in creating happiness , joy, melancholia and less effective.

Saffron cultivation :

Land suitable for cultivation of Saffron :

Saffron plants can grow in any soil, but grow best in soil is sandy clay soil of saffron. (Three parts clay and one part sand) land that is selected for cultivation of saffron, saffron crop should be accounted for at least 4 years given away sun visor and shade tree.

Preparing the ground for planting :

In early spring, Kvdhyvany worn to give the soil , then the soil was Gavrv the soil was suitable for plow , plow your land to be mixed with soil fertilizer . Agrbh when the clod plowing land , using Rock trowel to smooth the micro level can Vhmvar , then two weeks off in the direction perpendicularabout Iranian saffron to the plow to plow before plowing check again , after tillage was well done , the plot of land classification , the or the use of mechanical devices such as Furrower land into furrows in pairs. dimension depends on the slope of the plots is off . Joey culture Heh Vpshth in a climate of Ykdygrbh average distance of 30-40 cm.
In June if weeds mechanically or using them to fight the superficial tillage equipment .

Amount of saffron bulbs

Saffron corms or bulbs by many to be solid . Sized onions , saffron is different . Than the size of a hazelnut to a Grdvba are different.

Bulbs that you choose should be bigger than a hazelnut (about 6 grams ) Vshadab wounds are healthy .
Better before planting onions Disinfect by spraying of fungicides . Onion, finely hollow wounded animal feed must be removed before disinfection . about Iranian saffron
Depending on the amount of bulbs for planting planning Vdrshty varies from 10 to 30 tons per hectare . Typically pit farmers in the traditional way , as a bunch of onions 3,5,7 even 15 teeth Mykarnd .

Saffron Onion planting  time

Saffron bulbs in early summer ( Jvdrv ) about Iranian saffron early season cropping . Provided that during this period the onions are not wet because the moisture getting into summer dormancy is broken bulbs before the fall of the leaf Vpyaz said .

Methods of planting crocus bulbs

1 – planting basin :
First, a shovel or plow the ground to create the groove depth of 15-20 cm , when the first slot next to the slot creates a second Shdshyar First, we create a distance of 30-35 cm . Slot and the second slot the plant , such as grooves first . then planting onions surface with a trowel to smooth Vyknvakht .

2 – Joey planting a about Iranian saffron :
After Vpshth atmosphere of saffron bulbs to plant distance of 20-35 cm from each other .

Saffron Planting depth :

Fennel bulb planting depth should be such that the bulb is covered with 15-20 cm of soil . , At the time of planting , the bulbs that have sprouted up to be .
Bulbs planted at a depth of 20 cm causes the onions in the winter cold and summer heat exhaustion are safe.

Irrigation :

After planting bulbs depending warm cold air from the early to mid- about Iranian saffron October , the first irrigation do . Considering that the onions are deep 20 cm of soil , heavy watering should be done . , If after the first irrigation soil surface crusting occur 3-4 days after irrigation should be done by breaking the crust breaking a crust turns gREEN Vykdst diagnosing saffron is better .
After the first watering bulbs are awake , Dvannd root tubers from late October to begin to blossom as the saffron . Every node on average has scored 1-2-3 . Saffron beautiful flowers open early in the morning are so much better the flowers are picked before sunrise . during the first year only of the larger bulbs will flower . then grabbed the second watering flowers do . With the end of blooming crocus narrow leaves grow over time .
Saffron is a plant stem . Leaves and flowers on tail white sheath Vnazky tubers grow from the ground . , In the fall after the second irrigation ( winter and spring to late May ) when rainfall is low, every 15-20 days, once the plantation of saffron water .
In spite of the clammy soil surface at a rate of more than 25 mm of irrigation should be delayed . Should note that on the night of ice water ; it did not do ; the harm caused to saffron onion . about Iranian saffron The presence of the irrigation about Iranian saffron will crust If you break the crust . with the crust breaking the manure is mixed with the soil surface . crust breaking makes the flowers come out of the soil easily . , after breaking the crust to smooth the surface of the soil Vchsbandn onions should land leveler drag.

Fertilize

To strengthen the plants Vdrsht the onions have urea use. These fertilizers at the rate of 100 kg per hectare in 3 turns ( each turn kg33) before watering the second time at the farm level can play . , In the case of non- urea fertilizer in the irrigation you urea solution with a concentration of 5 per thousand during the 2 to 3 times a month January Vasfnd need to provide nitrogen to plants .

Harvest of saffron

Crocus blooming within 2-3 weeks after the first watering should be done in accordance with the air temperature . Flowers on relatively warm weather sooner than later and in the open air under the shade of a relatively Srdvdr . Done much later than the first irrigation . Typically about 15-20 day course of blooming harvest about 10-15 days.
The flowers are harvested in the course of a week is too much , sometimes 2 times a day is needed to withdraw flowers .

Vtrz time picking flowers

Saffron flower only be done by hand . Best
Harvest time goal ( in order to maintain quality, flavor and color of saffron ) early in the morning prior to the opening of buds ;
Because it is easier to collect Vklalh flower buds are also less
Damaged .
The use of the red stigmas of the saffron flower with cream bars about Iranian saffron . Should try to remove the stigma of the flower Knydghnchh Rvzkh about Iranian saffron have been opened in the viola , then pipe flowers with white Bshkafydvmylh nails female ( cream ) with 3 color red stigmas of the flowers, remove the tube .

Categories of saffron :

Then the buttonhole them in a direction aligned so that the cream on each other Vklalh also be put together and then the saffron groups with regular yarn or thread to close Qrmzabryshmy .

Drying of Saffron :

The classification categories saffron crocus in a basket inside, covered with a thin fabric shade Ayddr place or room temperature , it is convenient to hang the cold season .
However, those days are over Grdanydta bunch of dry saffron . Pressure cap when the strings are split between two fingers , about Iranian saffron it can be said categories are dried and prepared to supply the consumer market. Dried saffron correct and proper classification of work market quality is very friendly .

Saffron Vaft of weeds and disease :

Weeds have a major role in the low growth yield of saffron . about Iranian saffron Plants are delicate and easily by a short weeds disappears . , There are 2 ways to fight weeds .
A mechanical method.
B : Chemical methods
A mechanical method ( weeding out ) : First weeding harvesting of saffron flowers, about a month apart, with the second weeding weeding weeding third and last harvest of saffron forage needed to do in the summer .
B : a chemical approach to the Saffron summer night , you can use some herbicides . , For it is better to consult with experts in plant protection .
Saffron pests :
Pyazkhvar Cream : One of pests saffron, white worm about Iranian saffron -eating onions . These worms in the soil works . Yellowing leaves wilt suddenly Vkhshkydn they could be signs of these pests .
The saffron plant is putting a lot of damages . Svyn to combat this pest can of pesticide use.
Rabbit : The only significant winter vegetables with green leaves saffron . Rabbits to steal a passion for eating this vegetable is delicious .
Mice : Mice fed saffron to the onion leaves . Best way to fight these animals, the use of oral contraceptives ( inhalation ) Toxic Vtmh holes in their nest .
Saffron disease
SMUT Saffron : Saffron is the most important disease ( SMUT saffron ) is. These diseases as tiny brown spots on the leaves after a while bold colors are seen .
Upon seeing the spots on the leaves , remove infected leaves and burn them .
Saffron detection :
Saffron is very expensive because of the old phony businessmen were manipulated and punish fraud in Saffron sometimes been about Iranian saffron a death sentence . The most important will be adulterated as saffron flower color that is unlike the saffron and the yellow will be created . Sometimes add weight to the oil and honey , or candy are spray .