saffron iran in ZURCH,Persian saffron in ZURCH,red saffron in ZURCH,Iranian saffron in ZURCH,

Learn how to plant saffron

Introduction
The saffron is a tropical plant and it is well tolerated in places with mild winters and hot and dry summers. The resistance of saffron is high in cold weather, but since its growth coincides with autumn, winter and early spring, naturally, it requires a mild, moderate climate. During the sleep or rest period of the plant (summer) rain or irrigation is harmful to it, so its cultivation and operation in the regions of Gilan and Mazandaran and the warm southern regions of the country is not common.

Sunflower lands without trees, which are also not exposed to cold winds, are suitable for saffron growth. However, some villages in Birjand and Cain are planted under shades of barberry bushes and almond trees that are irrigated in the summer. The maximum temperature of this plant is between 40 to 35 degrees Celsius and at altitudes between 1300 and 2300 meters above sea level.

Soil suitable for growing saffron
Since the saffron onion remains relatively long (7-5 ​​years) on the ground. The soil should be a lightweight or combination of sand and clay that the onion can withstand, in addition to supplying food, in the course of a specific regional condition. Therefore, in order to grow the plant properly and produce a good and desirable field of fertile and drained land without a tree with soil (loamy, lime, clayey and sandy) and limestone with a pH of 7-7, on the salty, poor and moist soil, acidic prefered. Saffron is not a good product in areas that have no crumbles or weeds or organic matter.

Supplying land
In order to plant saffron, it is necessary to pay special attention to the particular attention. At first, in the appropriate opportunities in the autumn or winter, the land is plowed deeply. If conditions are not suitable or access to the tractor is not possible, plowing can be done at the end of spring or early July Also did. In mechanized agriculture, saffron cultivates ground in the fall of the year before planting with iron cows. In the spring after the rainy season, the soil is removed by means of moderate tillage while cleansing the weeds in August or September after the propagation of 80-40 Tons of animal manure and 200 kg of ammonium phosphate are faraway and prepare for cultivation.

Selection of onion and time of saffron cultivation
The construction of new fields of saffron is only possible by onions. Therefore, the preparation and selection of high-quality onions for planting in the development and development of crops is important. Saffron onion can be transferred from soil to another warehouse or farm. Due to the soot of sleep or rest of the onions, which lasts from late May to late August, it can be taken away from the onion. It is advisable to plant the bulbs after they are removed from the ground, so that the onions can be restarted on the new ground while continuing to rest. It is necessary to refrain from removing the bulbs later in August, because at this time some onions may be ready to root and germinate.

The more distance the bulbs are removed to planting, the better the bulb is to keep the saffron for a few months in a cool and dry place at a height of 30 to 20 cm, but it does not allow the physiological development of the flowers and Reduces fruiting the first year of cultivation. It is possible to plant saffron onions from the time of the bush, but it is better to avoid planting the onions in late July and early August, because the weather and the earth are very hot at this time, and it is feared that the moisture of the bulb is lost when it is removed and damaged. Enter. According to research conducted by the Industrial Research Center of Khorasan, it is the best time to harvest in May.

Saffron Onion Planting
To plant the saffron bulbs, firstly pour a row of pits into a shovel and place in each hole from about 15 to 3 onions. Planting depth of onions is 20 – 15 centimeters and should be raised upwards when planting bulbs. The onions in the depth of 20 cm in winter are protected from cold and frost and other environmental stresses and in the summer heat of life. For planting saffron, 5 to 4 people will go in. So, when someone puts billboard pits, they choose two bulbs to be planted in groups of 3 to 5 or 15.

The fourth person places the bulbs inside the holes, and the rest of the people will continue to plant the whole earth. Finally, the surface of the farm, which is unplugged, will cling to the soil with a shovel or mold that is smooth and compact. The cultivated land is similarly abandoned until autumn irrigation. Before irrigation, about 20 to 10 tons of completely dead rotted manure with a shovel spread on the ground. After planting, the planting on the grooves is covered with lava and the row of agriculture appears.

Irrigation
After planting the saffron bulbs, which lasts up to the end of September, it takes about 15 to 10 days after planting to irrigate the field. In different parts of Khorasan, depending on the weather conditions of the region, from mid-month of October to the first decade, the irrigation of saffron begins. Considering that the flowering of saffron is somewhat dependent on the initial water, so that harvesting of saffron is not a problem, the first water is divided into pieces within a few days so that the flowering period of the parts does not coincide with each other. The first water of saffron is very important, and all parts of the earth should be watered properly and uniformly so that the flowers of one piece together and simultaneously come out.

After the gazebo, the farm is used to break the bale of the shovel and the four horns of the metal or the Iranian iron cow at a low depth, then the soil is torn down. The breakdown of the ground causes the flower buds to ease out of the soil and grow strong and desirable.

After the first irrigation, the first flowers of saffron will appear at intervals of 20 to 15 days afterwards. Obviously, the saffron farm does not produce a significant amount in the first year. Irrigated every 12 to 6 days from early April until the leaves are yellowish. After weeding, an irrigation interval is delayed until the weeds disappear and do not re-green. The last water is effective on the onion graying.

Breakdown
After the first irrigation, as soon as the land is gazed, the surface of the farm should be crushed so that the bulbs are not damaged. It is the best way to break the shaft and thrower and the Iranian and cultivator iron cows. Cracking makes the flowers easy to get out of the soil and mix animal manure with soil. When the farmer has not been able to fertilize himself before irrigation, fertilizer can be spread on the soil surface and mixed with soil plowing, and after this act, which in fact has a destructive effect, to pave the earth and Sticking soil to bulbs will grind the ground.

Weed weed
Weeds, by competing with saffron, reduce crop yields due to water and food and sunlight. In addition, saffron planting and harvesting can create disturbances and host a number of diseases and insects, especially nematodes. Field weeding is essential whenever weeds are grown. In saffron farms, the first weed is done after the second irrigation, and this weeding causes the weeds of the saffron field to be destroyed.

Typically, the first weed of saffron is after flowering, and the second is, if necessary, about a month before the third water. In the case of chemical struggle with field weeds, it should be noted that since the effect of these herbicides on the plant has not been tested, so as to avoid the use of herbicides, saffron shrubs should be avoided.

source: daneshnameh roshd /ir