Ghainat of the land of Iranian red gold

Ghainat of the land of Iranian red gold

Ghainat city is the land of sun and red gold in the east of Iran and the north of South Khorasan province, which is limited to Khaf and Gonabad from the north, Ferdows and Sarayan from the west, Birjand and Darmian from the south, and has a border of approximately 130 km from the east. It is with Afghanistan.

Ali Sarafian, the head of cultural heritage, handicrafts and tourism of Ghainat, said: Among the tourist attractions of this city, we can mention Ghaen and Khezri Mosque, Bouzarjomehr mausoleum, Soltani historical house, Qarni house, Ghaen mountain castle and Farsan cave.

Sarafian added: On the southern outskirts of Qaen city and on the slopes of Ghohestan mountain range, there is a tomb that belongs to one of the famous mystics, politicians and poets of the fourth and fifth centuries AH.

He added: This beautiful building is based on the available evidence of buildings built in the sixth and seventh centuries AH, and the tomb of Bozorgmehr Ghaeni was built in the form of a quadrangle with a dome over the porches. The arches of the porches were executed in a key shape, but the main part The half-oval face is open and shaped with a false cover.

Head of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism of Ghaenat, continued: in the interior decoration of the building, plaster is used and the type of front porch is applied in the form of a gabled arch and plaster decorations under the dome are considered as one of the most beautiful parts of the building. Plasterings are very artistic.

Sarafian stated: There are very interesting rooms on the east side of the tomb, one of which has a beautiful stone dome and the materials used in the construction of this magnificent building are stone, plaster and brick, and next to the tomb of Bozorgmehr Ghaeni, there is an old tree. Which has doubled the beauty of this building as one of the promenades and places of interest in Qaen city.

He reminded: The mausoleum of Bozorgmehr Ghaeni has been registered in the list of national monuments with the number 2759 and is under the protection of the Cultural Heritage Organization, Handicrafts and Tourism.

Sarafian said: Ghaen Water Museum as the first water museum in South Khorasan province in the construction site of Ghaen Bazaar water reservoir was opened in November of this year and Ghaen Bazaar Reservoir is famous because it is located in the stone alley where the old Ghaen Bazaar is located. Has been.

He continued: The reservoir building has all the parts and main specifications of the reservoirs. Its counter is made with five and seven arches and 27 steps lead to the entrance of the water tank to the foot of the valve. The materials used to build the stairs were bricks with mortar and mortar. The water tank is a cylinder with a depth and diameter of seven meters. Has a storage capacity of about 300 cubic meters of water.

The head of cultural heritage of Ghaenat handicrafts and tourism added: the cylinder of the tank is covered with mortar until it is clean and the tank is covered in a stepwise manner with bricks and gypsum mortar. The reservoir has a reservoir on the west side and an overflow on the east side. In the past, it was taken from the old Qaen aqueduct and four valves on the four sides of the reservoir were responsible for ventilation and cooling water.

According to the available cover and historical evidence, the money changers stated: The water reservoir building belongs to the Timurid period and in the water museum of Ghaen, apart from objects and equipment related to digging aqueducts, old water storage equipment, lighting equipment for aqueducts, ‌ objects and equipment for distribution Water, etc. There are a number of images related to reservoirs, dams and old dams, aqueducts, mills, footsteps and all water structures in the Ghaenat area.

He continued: This museum is open to the public every day except Mondays from 16:00 to 18:00, and the water reservoir of Ghaen Bazaar has been registered in the list of national monuments with the number 6734.

Referring to the existence of Ghaen Mountain Fortress, the money changers mentioned it as a great and significant work and said: This fort with an area of ​​several hectares is one of the fortresses of the Seljuk period and one of the main bases of the Fadaiyan of the Ismaili period. This fort is located on a mountain overlooking the city of Qaen and is a citizen of the ruggedness of the mountain from two distinct parts, one belonging to the soldiers and the other to the emirate.

He stated: The fortress of Mount Ghaen has been built three kilometers south of the city of Ghaen on a high mountain and difficult to cross. This castle faces the mountains from the south and east and overlooks the Ghaen plain from the west and north. The architectural form and form of arches, ledges and gates and its resemblance to the eagle’s nest in the west of Fars province confirms the antiquity of this huge stone castle until the Sassanid period.

The money changers continued: What is clear is that the current castle was built on the ruins of an old castle. The main materials used in the construction of this castle are stone and mortar, and all the surfaces of the walls and the outer body of the tower are fenced. The fort was a stronghold against the invaders and had a capacity of thousands of soldiers.

He added: This huge stone collection, which is about 400 meters long from west to east and full of heights of Ghohestan mountain range, has been registered in the list of national monuments with the number 4803 and is under the protection of the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and It is tourism.

Sarafian said: by counting the old houses in this city, the construction of Qarni house which is located in the old part of Qaen city, the construction goes back to the Qajar period and this building has an entrance porch on the east side with a porch and a corridor to the central courtyard. The building is connected.

Head of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism of Ghaenat, added: Winter porch is located on the east side and communication spaces are on both sides of the two-story porch and access to it is possible through the communication space on the north side of the porch and summer porch on the west side of the building. The porch and the spaces on both sides of it are also two-story.

He continued: There are four rooms on the north side of the building, two of which are nested, and the south side of the building includes; Warehouse space is two living spaces. The stables, bathrooms, kitchens, food storage and residential areas of the Emirate crew were located on the east side of the building, which were almost destroyed.

The money changers continued: Most of the spaces are covered with arches, turrets and sweatshirts, and one of the most beautiful parts of the building can be its interior decorations; Formalization and plastering of porches, wall heaters and two gypsum lattice windows on both sides of the summer porch can be mentioned.

He added: The building of Qarni old house with number 3460 has been registered in the list of national monuments and is under the protection of the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of the country.

Head of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism of Ghaenat, said: The building of Soltani House belongs to the family of one of the landlords and elders of Ghaenat. Several living spaces with dividing corridors have been built on the summer porch.

The money changers added: the plan is rectangular. The building has a counter,  entrance porch, ‌ corridor, summer and winter porch and living spaces, kitchen and storage and on the north side of the building is a winter porch with two long rooms on either side. This building was purchased from the main owner by the Municipality and the Islamic Council of Ghaen in 2003 and was handed over to the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Administration of Ghaenat for restoration and restoration.

He continued: After the renovation and equipping of the building, it was reopened in May 2005 as the Museum of Ghaen Anthropology and now this museum shows the customs and traditions of the people of Ghaenat in the past and present, and wedding ceremonies, ‌ local dance, ‌ agriculture. Traditional, engraving, spinning, jajimafafi, shab-e-cheleh ceremonies, soaking and planting and harvesting of saffron have been designed and created and displayed in this museum.

The building of Soltani House with the number 4807 has been registered in the list of national monuments and is under the protection of the Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization.

The head of Ghaenat Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts Department, said: The building of a real historical house is located in the old part of Ghaen city. According to the available evidence such as the architectural form of the building, decorations and materials, the time of architecture and construction of the building dates back to the Zandieh period and this building with two summer and winter porches, counters, porches, entrance halls and four courtyards with three courtyards from inside The vestibule has an approximate area of ​​1560 square meters.

Head of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts Department of Ghaenat city, said: Mousavi historical house building is located next to real and royal historical houses and according to the available evidence, this building dates back to the first Pahlavi period, which is a single porch with a rocking arch. There are rooms and side spaces on both sides of the central courtyard, and the presence of gypsum decorations and framing in the central courtyard is another feature of this building.

The money changers said: This sacred religious monument, as it appears from the inscription, was built in 1230 AH, ie about 200 years ago, by a person named Mir Sami Khan. Its original construction was made of raw clay and mud.

The head of Ghaenat Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts Department continued: This place consists of two parts, one is the mosque and the other is the Hosseinieh part and the other is the Hosseinieh part which are completely attached to each other and are considered as one unit. It has been built a lot, which has given a special view to the mosque.

Sarafian added: Prince Hussein’s mausoleum is a small hill with an approximate height of about four meters on the eastern outskirts of Qaen city and about 500 meters east of the Grand Mosque in lands known as the old city and adjacent to the remains of the city moat. The public has a special respect as a shrine. On the surface of the hill from the Safavid period, very little remains of a tomb building remained, and these works only included the remains of the wall on the west side, about 50 cm high, which was made of clay and mortar.

The head of the Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts Department of Ghaenat city added: A piece of Safavid tombstone with a large tomb attributed to Prince Hussein remained on the floor of the building. During the speculation operation, the lands of Ghaenat old town were completely removed. Eventually, at a depth of three meters, the works of several thick stone pillars with gypsum mortar and several carpet bricks and remnants of plaster were obtained, and the available evidence confirmed that the work belongs to the Seljuk period. The date of the year 553 AH was obtained and it is specified that this work was made before the year 553 AH and its belonging to the Seljuk period was confirmed and with the continuation of the excavation of the mentioned hill, the remains of a building of the Seljuk period were obtained.

The money changers said: Abu Muhammad Hassan Ibn Mansour, known as Abu al-Mafakher, is one of the men of religion and politics, jurist, narrator and mathematician of the sixth century AH. Or the main room of the mausoleum has a square exterior and interior has angles in which architectural components and elements, especially the arches are formed.

He added: The presence of elephants in the four corners of the building has made possible the dome above the tomb of Abu al-Mafakher, in part of which simple formal decorations have been created and this building, which was founded during the Qajar period, has been registered in the list of historical monuments. it is arrived.

The head of Ghaenat Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts Department said: This building is located in the center of Ghaenat city, in the form of two porches with two different qiblas, on a land with an approximate area of ​​2470 square meters and 1050 square meters of infrastructure. The rest of the infrastructure is dedicated to the warehouse and communication corridors.

Sarafian stated: One of the architectural masterpieces of this mosque is the main porch of the western front, which is 18 meters high and 11 meters wide with four arches and three domed spaces, and the middle dome is decorated with special charm and very delicate and beautiful moccasins. Different colors.

He specified: There are two naves on the sides of this porch, in the back part of each of which four spaces have been created as rooms and the oldest historical writing is a stone inscription which is located in the upper part of the altar on the southwest side and the name of Jamshid Ibn Qarn. The year 796 AH is engraved on it, which is probably the date of the time of reconstruction and restoration done at this point, and excavations carried out in the lower layers of the mosque have confirmed the architectural remains of the Seljuk period.

He continued: Ghaen Mosque has been included in the list of national monuments of Iran as a special religious work with architectural features, number 295.

Sarafian added: Afriz Castle building is located in the middle of Afriz village, 65 km southwest of Qaen. According to the evidence and architectural structure, this building can be attributed to the Safavid period.

He added: Afriz Castle has an irregular plan that has five sides of different sizes. The castle has 9 high towers that have been built to meet the needs of surveillance.

Head of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts of Ghaenat, said: at a distance of two kilometers west of Bihood village on a mountain at an altitude of 1965 meters above sea level and at an altitude of 350 meters from the surrounding lands, visible stone castles and architectural works of this castle including a fence , Towers, interior walls, reservoirs and other architectural spaces that have been destroyed over time. The castle stretches from east to west.

Sarafian stated: The eastern front of the mountain has less strength due to its greater slope and impassability, and therefore its architectural remains and remains are less visible, but the western front of the castle, which is located at a lower height than the eastern front and access to It is much lighter, with stronger towers and more loads.

He added: In this part, the destruction of towers and fortifications is less and it is well recognizable that the water reservoir of the building is located in its center and a natural pit that existed in the place has been used in its construction.

Sarafian added: The architectural works of the western part of the castle are more clear, so that the area of ​​the castle and the location of the fortifications and towers on the south side are well defined and in the northern part the borders of the castle can be identified, but on the east side the architectural works are scattered. And it is very difficult to understand their relationship in the current situation.

He reminded: scattered pottery on the surface of the castle, including; Glazed pottery in blue, turquoise and patterned colors as well as plain unglazed pottery in the historical period of the castle, according to the location and style of architecture and the type of pottery available, belongs to the Seljuk period, which was used by the Ismaili sect.

The head of Ghaenat Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts Department said: This castle is a type of desert castle that was built in the Safavid period with an irregular hexagonal plan of clay and mud materials and the entrance of the castle is on its eastern side and has a circular stone with a diameter of 6. It is blocked by 2 meters and 9 circular towers that have been built in different sizes and at different distances in the castle fence, in addition to the observation and guarding aspect, have also strengthened the castle.

The money changers added: These towers are about 5.13 meters high and are built in three floors, of which only the first and second floors are roofed.The castle has been destroyed by human and natural factors, and behind the southern and western sides, the remains of the castle moat are visible. These ports have been registered in the list of national monuments under number 5939.

Sarafian said: Pahlavan cave is located on the western slopes of Shaskuh mountain range and about 10 km west of Stand village (Stand village is located on the eastern slope of Shaskuh mountain range) and this cave has two openings on two slopes of a mountain branch. Are.

The head of Ghaenat Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts Department, said: An opening is located on the southern slope of the mountain and has a narrow opening that is about 80 cm high and about one meter wide and the second opening is located on the southern slope of the mountain and access Due to the steep slope of the cliffs, it is not possible without mountaineering equipment. This opening is much wider and higher than the first opening.

He continued: At the foot of the second opening, an arch was built with bricks and with the help of wooden beams. This arch has a truncated arch and was created to increase and smooth the front surface of the cave opening and the entrance to the cave through the first opening is much easier and The interior of the cave, unlike its entrance, is very high. Inside the cave, many remnants of architectural works can be seen.

Money changers stated: These works include; The walls are made of stone and a small amount of brick with mortar and plaster are scattered in different parts of the cave and the clay remains inside the cave are relatively small and this is because most of the pottery is transported outside by people who visit the cave. And this cave is a type of limestone caves.

He added: Based on the available evidence, this cave was used in the Islamic era, especially due to the suitable defensive situation of the cave, it could have been used by the Ismailis, and the caves have been used as a refuge for humans against natural and human dangers. Existing in the region due to suitable natural conditions and access to water resources have been considered.

The money changers reminded: the presence of pottery pieces and other historical monuments as well as architectural remains indicate the presence and settlement of humans in these caves and the similarity of architectural features inside the caves and the type of materials used dates back to the Seljuk period.

The head of Ghaenat Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts Department said: this historical monument is located three kilometers west of Varzeg village. The cave has an opening about three meters high and about five meters wide and is one of the limestone caves. The interior of the cave is relatively large and high, so that human movement is possible in most parts of the cave.

Sarafian added: In the entrance corridor of the cave, a storage pool made of stone and mortar can be seen with a rectangular plan whose corners are curved and a small stream of water has been drawn from the mouth of the cave to this storage pool.

Sarafian added: Caves have been used as a shelter for humans against natural and human dangers in the past. The caves in the area have been considered due to the appropriate natural conditions and access to water resources, and the presence of pottery pieces and other historical monuments. Architectural remains indicate the presence and settlement of humans in these caves, which the similarity of architectural features inside the caves and the type of materials used dates the historical period of these caves to the Seljuk period.

The head of Ghaenat Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts Department said: This mosque is built in the style of a nave and the entrance of the building, which leads to the central courtyard through a corridor, is on its western side and the single porch of the building is used by worshipers in summer. It is located on the side of the qibla and an altar is built at the end of it.

The money changers added: The columned nave is located on the northeast side and in front of the main porch. There are arches.

He continued: the spaces on the north and west sides have been destroyed in the contemporary period and a Hosseiniyah chapter has been built in its place. Among the decorations used in this building, the main porch of the altar, the formalities of the nave and the brickwork of the entrance facade and Pointed to the main porch. This mosque was built with clay, brick and gypsum mortar materials in the Safavid period and in the contemporary period it was invaded and occupied.

The head of cultural heritage, handicrafts and tourism of Ghaenat, said: this building has been registered in the list of national monuments of the country with the number 6733.